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<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2023-08-08T17:47:28.7833+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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  <xsd:element id="mnov_KisseiPharmaceuticalCoLtdMember" name="KisseiPharmaceuticalCoLtdMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="mnov_TwoThousandThirteenEquityIncentivePlanMember" name="TwoThousandThirteenEquityIncentivePlanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="mnov_InProcessResearchAndDevelopment" name="InProcessResearchAndDevelopment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="mnov_AnnualIncreaseInSharesReservedForIssuance" name="AnnualIncreaseInSharesReservedForIssuance" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="mnov_ProductDevelopmentMember" name="ProductDevelopmentMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="mnov_AtMarketIssuanceSalesAgreementMember" name="AtMarketIssuanceSalesAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="mnov_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesIssued" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesIssued" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
</xsd:schema>
